The Rock That Provided Water

During the Israelites’ wilderness wanderings after the Exodus, despite all the grace, forbearance, preservation, and revelation God gave them, they frequently complained. Millions of people and animals wandering in the wilderness meant that drinking water was a serious problem. They traveled from the Wilderness of Sin to Rephidim, the last stop before Mount Sinai (Exodus […]

Mount Sinai

Mount Sinai is also known in the Bible as “Mount Horeb” or “the Mountain of Moses,” and in Arabic as Jabal Musa. Mount Sinai is a granite peak in the south-central Sinai Peninsula of Egypt, located in the South Sinai Governorate. It has an elevation of 2,285 meters and is surrounded by other high mountains. […]

The Old Testament

A covenant is a mutual agreement or alliance. In the Bible, a covenant is an agreement established between God and humanity. The entire Bible is divided into two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The books written before the birth of Jesus are called the Old Testament, while those written after are called […]

The Manna of Jesus in the Book of Exodus

After the Israelites left Egypt, they entered a vast, desolate wilderness—a place where millions of people and animals could not possibly survive. Moses faced many problems, but the most immediate one was food. Where would he find enough food for everyone? The answer was, “It must come from God.” God gave them a small, round […]

The Passover Lamb of Jesus in the Book of Exodus

The Passover is an important Jewish festival. According to the Book of Exodus, when Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt, God commanded them to slaughter a lamb and apply its blood to their doors. When the angel of death came to kill the firstborn of the Egyptians, it would “pass over” any home with […]

Rescue and Ruin: The Crossing of the Red Sea

After the Israelites had lived in Egypt for more than four hundred years, God heard their cries and sent Moses to rescue them. Through the miraculous ten plagues, He secured their release. More than two million Israelites then left Egypt with a triumphant spirit. During the day, the Lord led them with a pillar of […]

The Ten Plagues in the Book of Exodus

The Book of Exodus records that in order to compel the Pharaoh of Egypt to agree to let the Hebrew people leave, God sent ten successive plagues through Moses: the Nile turning to blood, frogs, gnats and flies, livestock pestilence, boils, hail, locusts, darkness, and finally, the death of the firstborn. What can we learn […]

The Birth of Moses

Moses was an unparalleled leader of the Israelite people. He was an outstanding military strategist, politician, lawmaker, and writer, as well as a prophet. The five books of Moses that he authored hold a significant place not only in the Old Testament but also in the New Testament. Moses’s name is mentioned 79 times in […]

Background and Introduction to the Book of Exodus

The English name “Exodus” comes from the Greek word ‘exodos’ (ἔξοδος) in the Septuagint, meaning “going out.” Written by Moses in the wilderness in the 15th century BCE, it is the second book of the Pentateuch. Exodus is the central book of the Pentateuch, showing us the beginning of God’s redemptive work. If you enjoy […]

The Transformation of Judah

Among Jacob’s twelve sons, Joseph received the birthright and a double portion of the inheritance, while Judah became the leader of his brothers. Among the twelve tribes of Israel, the tribe of Judah became the head of the tribes, producing many kings. The later King David was a descendant of Judah. David’s descendants also sat […]